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Somalia Flag of Somalia

Pre Arrival:  Overview
Facilities:  Medical
Security:  Piracy
Local Info:  Time
Shore:  Banks
Misc:  General
Report:  Report
General Information for Somalia
Geo-political:
Capital City: Mogadishu.
Nationality: (noun) Somali, (adjective) Somali.
Population: 9,832,017.
Communications:
International Direct Dial Code: 252.
Number of Internal Airports: 7.
Major Languages Spoken: Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English.
Economy:
Currency: 1 Somali Shilling (SOS) of 100 Cents.
Exchange Rates:  (as of March 2018)
USD 1.00 = SOS 585.00
Exchange rates under licence from XE.com
Main Industries: A few light industries, including sugar refining, textiles and wireless communication.
Environment:
Territorial Sea: 200 n.m.
Coastline Extent: 3,025 km.
Climate: Principally desert; northeast monsoon (December to February), moderate temperatures in north and hot in south; southwest monsoon (May to October), torrid in the north and hot in the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons.
Natural Resources: Uranium and largely unexploited reserves of iron ore, tin, gypsum, bauxite, copper, salt, natural gas and likely oil reserves.
Natural Hazards: Recurring droughts; frequent dust storms over eastern plains in summer; floods during rainy season.
Terrain: Mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north.
Average Temperatures: 
Month High Low
January 30° C 23° C
June 30° C 24° C
September 29° C 24° C
OVERVIEW:  Travel to any part of Somalia, including Somaliland is not recommended. There is a high threat to western and UN interests from terrorism in Somalia, including Somaliland. Attacks could be indiscriminate, including in places frequented by expatriates and foreign travellers. Since the death of Osama Bin Laden, terrorist groups operating in Somalia have made threats against Westerners and those working for western organisations in Somalia, including Somaliland. There is ongoing serious violence between opposing factions.
Al Shabaab, a proscribed terrorist group, and other groups opposed to the Somali government continue to carry out attacks in and around Mogadishu. Unconfirmed numbers of civilians of all ages have been killed in the serious fighting, which often involves heavy weapons.
There is a dangerous level of criminal activity by numerous bodies of armed militia throughout Somalia. As a result there have been murders, armed robbery and a number of incidents of kidnapping.
Also see General
MEDICAL:  There are basic hospital facilities in Hargeisa. Elsewhere medical facilities are extremely limited or non-existent. There have been numerous confirmed cases of Acute Watery Diarrheal Syndrome in the Lower Shebelle Region of Somalia and Cholera in Banaadir Region.
Polio remains a major problem in Somalia. With cases occurring outside the capital there remains the risk of continued spread of wild polio both in Somalia and to neighbouring countries.
Also see General
PIRACY:  Horn of Africa:  Where a vessel has encountered/is encountering a Somali piracy incident (only), vessel to immediately contact the following:
  1. UKMTO: T: +971 50 552 3215. F: +971 4 306 5710. [email protected]
  2. MSCHOA: T: +44 (1923) 958545. F: +44 (1923) 958520. [email protected] www.mschoa.org
  3. NATO: T: +44 (1923) 956574. F: +44 (1923) 956575. [email protected]
  4. IMB PRC: T: +60 (3) 2031 0014. F: +60 (3) 2078 5769. [email protected] [email protected] www.icc-ccs.org
Reporting of incidents occurring elsewhere: Ships are advised to maintain strict anti-piracy watches and report all piratical pirate attacks (actual and attempted) and suspicious sightings to the IMB Piracy Reporting Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
T: +60 (3) 2078 5763. F: + 60 (3) 2078 5769. [email protected]
24 hr. Anti-Piracy help-line T: + 60 (3) 2031 0014.
Group Transit Scheme:  Following attacks off the Horn of Africa in the Gulf of Aden, a transit corridor has been established, where vessels are support by strategically placed naval vessels with air support.
The Internationally Recognised Transit Corridor (IRTC) Co-ordinates: The corridor includes the creation of a separate eastbound and westbound transit lanes. Each lane is width 5.0 n.m. with 2.0 n.m. buffer zone.
Position  
East Bound:  11° 53.00′ N, 045° 00.00′ E  
11° 48.00′ N, 045° 00.00′ E  
14° 18.00′ N, 053° 00.00′ E  
14° 23.00′ N, 053° 00.00′ E  
West Bound:  12° 00.00′ N, 045° 00.00′ E  
11° 55.00′ N, 045° 00.00′ E  
14° 25.00′ N, 053° 00.00′ E  
14° 30.00′ N, 053° 00.00′ E  
Vessels join at Points A or B at scheduled times and proceed through the transit corridor together.
  • Point A: 11° 50.00′ N, 045° 00.00′ E.
  • Point B: 14° 28.00′ N, 053° 00.00′ E.
Masters using the IRTC and those following group transits, are not relieved of their obligation and should continue to maintain a strict 24 hour lookout using all available means to get early warnings of an approaching threat.
Masters are also reminded that all suspicious/actual attacks reported to the coalition warship, should be reported to the 24 hour IMB piracy reporting centre. Vessels transiting the Gulf of Aden are advised to register with the EU. The EU webpage is www.mschoa.org Vessels/Owners are advised to register their details and obtain further information regarding the close support protection/transit corridor for vessels transiting the Gulf of Aden. Vessels would be encouraged to conduct their passage through the IRTC in groups based on their transit speed (Gulf of Aden group transits). Military assets (naval and air) will be strategically deployed within the area to best provide protection and support.
Masters are also advised to maintain a listening watch on VHF Channels 16, 8 and 72. Warships make advisory calls, ″Securite″ broadcasts, to announce their location and in turn will also listen for merchant ships calling them.
Timing of Transit Groups: 
Speed on Entry Time to Enter Time to Enter Time to Enter Time to Enter
Corridor West Corridor West Corridor East Corridor East
(Knots.) (GMT) (Local) (GMT) (Local)
10 1500 1800 0100 0400
12 2100 0000 0530 0830
14 0100 0400 0830 1130
16 0530 0830 1100 1400
18≥ 0700 1000 1300 1600
Pirate Attacks:  The proximity of attacks has spread and taken place off Kenya, Tanzania, Seychelles and Madagascar. Pirates are believed to be using Mother Vessels to launch attacks at very far distances from the coast, with some attacks taking place up to 600 n.m. from the coast. Two attacks occurred beyond the recommended Long. 060° E. Pirates have been known to operate in/near to positions 00° 43.70′ S, 061° 57.80′ E and 00° 29.00′ N, 063° 12.00′ E, approx. 1,000–1,100 n.m. east of Mogadishu.
Vessels are advised to keep more than 600 n.m. from the coastline and when routeing north/south, keeping east of Long. 60° 00′ E until east of the Seychelles.
In view of the recent attacks, all vessels are advised, when proceeding to/from South Africa, Tanzania, Kenya and Somalia to consider routeing south of Lat. 10° 00′ S and east of Long. 060° 00′ E, avoiding the area between the Somali coast and north and west of the Seychelles. Mariners are advised to report any suspicious boats to the European Union Maritime Security Centre. A 24-hour visual and radar watch must be maintained as early sightings/detection and accurate assessment will allow Masters to take evasive action and increase speed, and at the same time request for assistance and escape.
Due to the unprecedented number of Somali pirate incidents, the IMB calls for all Masters transiting the Gulf of Aden, southern Red Sea, off Oman, east coast of Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Seychelles and Madagascar to report all sightings of suspected pirate mother ships to the PRC. This vital intelligence will then be used to identify and target the mother ships. This will enable appropriate action to be taken in response.
Reporting:  Masters are requested to forward the following information to the PRC:
  1. general description (name, distinctive markings, approx. length, construction type, colour of hull and superstructure/accommodation)
  2. photographs (if possible/practicable)
  3. number of persons observed on board
  4. whether any weapons were observed on board
  5. whether any skiffs (number) were towed alongside
  6. ECDIS screen shots/position and date/time
  7. position of mother vessel
  8. course and speed of mother ship when observed
  9. whether an AIS signal is broadcast
  10. whether the vessel has changed course or speed to intercept/shadow vessel movement
  11. any other information that may be of relevance.
Situation Report (SITREP):  PRC Malaysia broadcasts SITREP reports to vessels at 0000 GMT via Inmarsat C (satellite) EGC Safety Net. However, vessels in some parts of the world, that are not considered at risk from piracy, will not receive these messages.
TIME:  GMT plus 3 hours throughout the year.
BANKS:  Credit cards are not accepted in Somalia and it is not possible to obtain currency advances against a credit card. If, despite contrary advice, you travel to Somalia, you should take hard currency, normally US Dollars.
GENERAL:  Information obtained from the UK Foreign & Commonwealth Office website. Updates available at www.gov.uk/fco